模拟金砖国家工商论坛举行
2018年5月10日下午三点，在老师带领下，教改班大二、大三的同学们在国际关系学院实验室进行了《国际组织模拟》课程考核。当天下午，国际关系学院周思邑、葛静静、谌华侨三位老师作为评委，到场观摩。
两个班的同学被分为三个组进行考核。其中，第二组由大三（杨晴云、鲁悦桃、范可歆）以及大二（楚霄霄、罗馨兰、黄一芝、吴雨晴）两个班的同学组成，主题是2018年金砖国家工商论坛互联互通会议之互联网“共享经济”讨论会。在前期准备中，进行过两次线上讨论，两次线下讨论，大家从最开始互联互通的大话题，一步步缩小到了共享经济这一具体的话题。最终确定会议以讨论会的形式为主，各位代表先进行立场发言，接下来就发言进行讨论。讨论分为两个阶段。第一阶段，围绕“共享经济的现状与合作”。第二阶段，围绕“共享经济的问题与创新发展”。最后连线在线专家，专家就金砖五国代表对共享经济的讨论，给出自己的观点和建议。
会议结束后，三位老师给出了评价与建议。小组进行了问题反思与总结。
在活动过程中，还发现以下问题有待进一步强化。因为议题是当今金砖国家讨论的热点话题，题材新颖。但内化吸收难度较大。每个人都穿着正式服装，但仍不够统一。同时，对很多细节把控不够，比如称呼问题，金砖国家座位的排序，主持人介绍出席嘉宾的顺序等。部分选手对稿件的依赖性较强，与参会者的交流还不充分。最后，讨论内容没有过多的深化与细化，绝大部分停留在对国家共享经济现状的叙述，使得合作很难推进。
虽然活动进行工程中还存在上述问题，但总体来说，各国商业代表较好地说明了本国共享经济的情况，表明了各自企业与其他国家企业合作的愿望。最后的场外专家连线，回答记者问题并为各国发展共享经济提供建议使会议内容得到升华。
与会小组成员一致认为，通过这样的会议策划、实施和反思，深化了对国际实务的认识，提高了实际动手能力，取得了很大收获，将把课程所学运用在以后的学习和工作中，不断提升自己。
会议主题
讨论环节
会后代表合影
附 所有成员发言内容
Brazil:
Recentsurveys conducted by the Brazilian Credit Protection Service (SPC Brazil) andthe National Association of Stores (CNDL) indicate that the sharing economy inBrazil is growing very rapidly. According to the survey, 40% of Brazilians havebeen exposed to certain forms of sharing economy in their daily lives. 39% ofBrazilians said that they once played games with their classmates at work orschool, 31% used to rent someone else's clothes, and 17% of Brazilians hadshared bicycles. Seventy-nine percent of Brazilian consumers surveyed statedthat the sharing economy made their life easier, and 68% said they quicklyadapted to shared life. The Brazilian public believes that the advantage of ashared economy is that it can avoid the waste of resources, but the main reasonthat hinders people from using this consumption model is the lack of trustbetween people. Overall, 71% of Brazilian consumers stated that due to the lackof trust between people, the promotion of the sharing economy in Brazil mayencounter some problems. The results of the survey indicate that although theBrazilian people are still conservative about the sharing economy, they havebegun to try to adapt to the sharing economy. The sharing economy is a new typeof consumption, and Brazilians will not be accustomed to significant changes inconsumption patterns from the very beginning. The survey pointed out that thesharing economy that the Brazilian people are most not interested in has sharedbicycles and co-working. Only 36% of Brazilian consumers said they are willingto try this sharing economy. In addition, 41% of the people expressed theirinterest in pet fostering; 37% of the people expressed their willingness toaccept the co-tenancy. The rise of the sharing economy in Brazil will changeour consumption patterns. Of course, the improvement of the protectionmechanism and the increase in trust among the people are also essentialprerequisites for the development of a shared economy in Brazil.
TheBrazilian government is looking to find ways to regulate new services coming upunder the collaborative economy umbrella. Given the impact on traditionalservices caused by alternatives such as Uber and Airbnb, the Lower House of theCongress created a special group to discuss the creation of a legal frameworkfor the new services. The first session of the special group took placeyesterday (30). Over a four-month period, the theme will be debated in publichearings with representatives of the public and private sectors,representatives of the civil society and academia. According to the leader ofthe special group, congressperson Thiago Peixoto, the goal is to come up withrecommendations to propose regulations across the various segments of thesharing economy - from ridesharing to crowdfunding - which do not restrict newbusinesses too much but also do not impact the traditional economy. The lack ofregulations is a major challenge for sharing economy businesses worldwide asthey forced to comply with rules that were in place when such companies andtechnologies could not have been imagined. At the same time, a loose frameworkthat protects consumers in case of legal issues with providers is needed.Over-regulation could also stifle the development of disruptive ventures, sinceit could restrict new circumstances for them to exploit or gaps for them tofill. Just as in many other countries, the challenge for the Braziliangovernment is to define if businesses operating under the sharing economy modelshould be subject to the same rules as other businesses within a similarindustry, if they should be completely unregulated - or if they should fallsomewhere in the middle. Brazil has already paved the way in terms of Internetregulations a few years ago with the Marco Civil da Internet, a set of guidelinescovering a few key areas of online governance broadly, which allows room forsome self-regulation. The country is also defining its first national digitalstrategy. If Brazilian lawmakers will now be able to understand that society isevolving fast and that frameworks should allow new companies to innovate, thuscreating more favorable conditions for entrepreneurs to operate, it remains tobe seen.
Russia:
ForAlibaba, Russia may be its largest international market, so we are going todiscuss a number of practical topics, including logistics and personal dataprotection, which are related to the legal framework of the two countries,which we have to discuss at this meeting. The digital economy has aninternational and national level, so there will be some specific differencesbetween the two countries in the relevant legislative fields. To make clear thedifferences, I think our cooperation with Alibaba will be more successful.
A sharedeconomy does not require realistic supermarkets, shelves and something likethat to carry out transactions. People can do some trading through a number ofelectronic platforms, which is completely different from the agriculturaleconomy that has been in the past for many years. We need to protect it, and wedon't have to worry that people will lose their jobs, more people will benefitfrom them, and our president has put on the agenda for the development of theshared economy.
It isundeniable that in the development of the shared economy, China is undoubtedlythe forefront of the world. Whether it is the enthusiasm of the society, or theinvestment in the sharing of economic projects, China is the leading leader inthe world.
As arelatively conservative and traditional country, Russia, in general, has acertain gap in the level of shared economic development compared with China.However, as a country with a high level of business model similar to that ofEuropean and American countries, there are some famous shared economic brandsin the world which are also very good in Russia. The representative is Uber andairbnb.
With theconcept of "sharing" more and more accepted by people, moreinnovative models have been developed. In addition to the shared bicycle, cars,space and house which are in the forefront of the shared economy, there arevarious forms of sharing umbrellas, sharing charging treasure, sharingbasketball, sharing KTV, sharing the gym and so on. Russian entrepreneurs andcapital are also active participants in the international venture capitalcircle. In March 2015, a Russian girl wanted to buy Russian medicine in theUnited States, but purchasing was really troublesome. Inspired by the sharedeconomy, she set up a mobile phone software that allows users to purchase anddeliver products with two like-minded friends. The use of this software is verysimple. Shoppers only need to publish the information on the platform then thetravelers who are going to the city will be bidding. Finally, the shopperchooses the best offer to determine the transaction, and after the securitypayment is set up, the shopper and the traveler can be in the agreed publicfield. Delivery is carried out. In this respect, the traveler is bought as apurchase, two is made to make money for travel, on the other hand, to providemore choices for shoppers to help them buy personalized and unique goods. Theproblem of global logistics cost is solved in the form of shared economy. Thestart-up company has received $4 million 500 thousand in financing, and is verypopular in Southeast Asia, South America, Russia and Ukraine. In the past year,Russia has more than doubled its share of shared housing business, but thedirector of the business says the Russians actually attach great importance totheir independence, especially after the Soviet era of common kitchens andbathrooms, with their own apartments or cars as the ultimate symbol of status,which is more popular. From the perspective of popular psychology, Russians donot really enjoy the sharing of the economy, but only because they can save money.If economic conditions permit, Russians will choose to live in luxury hotels,use taxis, go to fancy restaurants and buy luxury goods and other traditionalconsumption patterns.
Russia hasbecome one of the fastest growing markets for shared economic start-ups inrecent years, and many Russians have begun to share apartments and cars withstrangers for extra income, but the most important reason for the socialphenomenon is that the ruble has fallen sharply, making the Russian economy theworst recession for at least 6 years. The decline in wages and the rate ofinflation of up to two figures, the people really can't afford the level ofconsumption in the past, and the emergence of the shared economy just becomes abetter tool to maintain life and save money. People don’t care that very much.
The sharedeconomy is still the trend of the times in 2018, but only the enterprises withcontinuous product innovation and model innovation can build up their corecompetitiveness and keep steady growth. Airbnb's Russian business has more thandoubled, BlaBlaCar entered the Russian market in 2014, with the company'sbusiness on line for drivers and passengers, it provides users with variousoptions, from the type of music that the driver likes, to the extent to whichthe fellow passengers like to chat. We have to say that the application of theshared economy has greatly changed the characteristics of the people who aretoo independent, and people are also willing to try fresh new ways of life andmake the economy alive.
We believethat sharing is greater than possessing; technology makes life better; peoplecan have deeper trust. The shared economy refers to the economic mode thatusers pay certain rewards through the Internet platform and temporarily obtainthe right to use goods. The purpose of shared economy is to allocate idlesources in society and improve utilization. At the beginning, Uber paid a highsalary to mobilize a lot of private owners to use the free time to pick up thebill, but it causes new problems. For the sake of high pay, many people whodidn't need to drive originally made a part-time car driver, many people evenbought new cars for order taking. The cars and traffic problems are increasing.This not only has not fully allocated to the original idle resources, but hasincreased the waste of resources.
Othershared services such as car washing, at best, can only be a new way oftraditional service, because in fact it has not been able to mobilize the mainpoint of idle resources. In fact, the best way to share the economy is to sharebicycles and Airbnb, they really make the resources being effectively utilized.Sharing a single car is a very good solution to the hard injuries of thegovernment's public bicycles. As long as it does not affect the traffic, thecar can be stopped anywhere, of course, because of various reasons, the lossoperation company does solve such problems. In the present situation, theshared bicycle has gone through the fittest. During the phase, the remainingcompanies are doing well.
But not allproducts or services apply to a shared economy, just like the need for aninflatable pool in the summer, the best result is to buy a new one.
In view ofthe current situation, those products with high utilization rate but not easyto store are most suitable for sharing.The identity can be identified andwidely used by means of certified payment, when you pay the correspondingpayment, you can use it immediately. Alipay and Wechat in China may become thiskind of software, by using this software, you can save the trouble of carryingcash.
It can beseen that in the future sharing economy is no longer the allocation ofindividual idle resources, but the company has the resources and providesmanagement and use, so that consumers can reduce the cost of resources toincrease the contribution to society. Imagine a shared car that can be found atany time as long as it is downstairs, and it will be more convenient to live inthe parking space after the destination is reached.
India:
Goodafternoon, everyone. It’s my honor to be the delegate of India and take part inthis forum today. According to the theme “shared economy” this time, India asone part of BRICS has lots of thoughts to exchange with you four countries.Nowadays, we can see that many countries are influenced by shared economy inmany ways and bring forth new ideas. As for India, we have lots of nationalconditions which make for it. In India, because of the big population, thereare almost 500 million netizens using Facebook, WhatsApp and so on. Also Indianyounger population will lead to a “demographic dividend” which can promote thedevelopment of shared economy, especially for some native industries. Such asshared bodyguards, it’s an App to deliver help and protection when you are indanger. Besides, Farmart is an agricultural machinery leasing platform. Itbriefly helps famers to rent out their redundant agricultural machinery tothose who are in poor and remote areas. However, some special causes areobvious. For example, In December last year, ofo firstly entered India in 4cities. But the usage rate is low because of incomplete constructions ofsupporting transportation facilities and extreme weather. But India still haslots of potentials in bike sharing. So, this year, we HERO CYCLES justcooperated with Chinese company “yonganxing”. Today, on behalf of India andHERO CYCLES, I except to learn some experiences and methods to promote thedevelopment of shared economy.
Same toRussia, ofo also entered India last year in December. Whether it’s used good ornot, it opens the market of bike sharing in India. So we HERO CYCLES madecooperation with Chinese “yonganxing” in February this year to deliver anonline bicycle service because the government plans to increase domesticinfrastructure investment in a future period to help bike sharing used morewidely. What’s more, as a new industry, we hope to learn more successfulexperiences, like Chinese diving and other companies.
In India,bike sharing still face lots of difficulties now because of our nationalconditions. Firstly, the subway construction is poor. Most of countries justhave 1 or 2 lines, some even have none. So it can’t form a complete set ofbikes. Secondly, extreme weather is another limited condition. It always rain alot and the temperature is badly high in summer. So riding bicycles outside isquite difficult for Indians. Thirdly, there are two traditional means oftransportation, motorbike and Tuk cars. Young people prefer to buy motorbikeinstead of expensive cars. also, these two means of vehicle are fast andconvenient running in the crowded streets. So, the new industry, bike sharingis a little difficult to be popular in India.
China:
Goodafternoon everyone! First of all, let me have the privilege to thank you foryour presence for today’s conference. And i have to say it’s a tremendoushonour for me to discuss the shared future with u on behalf of Diving. As thebiggest transportation platform of shared economy in china, we have carried outa lot of significant cooperation with other brics countries. At first, weinvested the biggest car-hiring app service in India in 2015 as the very firststep of entering overseas market. And later in Brazil, we laid out the biggestmobile transportation service 99 and provided it with technologies, products,and experience to expand both its national and international market in 2017.finally, as for south Africa, we put an eye on the enterprise called Taxify,which has the most rapid growth on mobile transportation in Europe and Africa,and helped to enlarge its market.
Well, asfar as i am concerned, i wanted to pointed out as brics enter the second goldfor ten years. The next chapter of us is to strengthen the former cooperationand expand more areas in the name of sharing. Moreover, we look forward toenter Russia’s market, carrying out some powerful projects with your localcompanies.
At thisspecial occasion, i would like to point out that we do get enormous benefitsreleased from the shared economy, but there are existing potential issues aheadof us and we must take them seriously.
Till now,the biggest obstacle is that the government is still short of a big dataplatform for the public. We urge that governments invest more money and energyin building the public big data platform, making it shared by more people.Second, measures should be taken to regular economic practices by laws andpolicies to protect the deserved rights. Say, too much single car and chaoticmanagement will have a great impact on the city's capacity. The fiercecompetition in the early stage and the great boost of capital lead to the pits,which will lead to the unhealthy development of the single car manufacturingindustry and the waste of production capacity, so we have to strengthen themanagement, punishing those illegal behaviors, what’s more, the civics shouldalso enhance the quality of civilization, obeying the practise and takingcaring of what they share.
Third, therealization form of shared economy is accomplished through "sweepcode". In this process, there are hidden dangers of personal privacy. Inanother word, those information are at risk of being used illegally, so we haveto build a safe wall to defend those information.
Last but not least, more and moreenterprises and businesses are participating in the sharing of the economy onlyfor the promotion of enterprises, taking the shared economy as a gimmick,wasting social resources, and violating the original intention of sharing theeconomic integration of the social resources.
Well,frankly speaking, i firmly believe that the benefits of shared future outweighits drawbacks. Only if we work together to solve them accordingly.
China hasan enviable market size, which is almost impossible in South Africa.Sharingeconomy is a major trend of the world economy. It not only saves energy,protects the environment, but also facilitates the optimal allocation ofresources.These are the trends of economic development in the future and arealso an economic model that our (South Africa) national economy needs.
South Africa:
In SouthAfrica, there have been some developments in the sharing economy in recentyears. Uber, for example, has now become an important mode of travel in theregion.But the scale is not as big as China. I have heard that Chinesecompanies have also built a larger-scale online dating vehicle platform. Today,we have witnessed the development of the Diving. At present, most people inSouth Africa still rely on cars and public transportation systems for travel.Atpresent, it is not yet realistic to promote shared bicycles in South Africa. Wedo not yet have a corresponding technology and support system. However, inrelatively closed environments such as universities, parks, andhospitals,sharing bicycles should be the best option for short-distance travelwithin 1 km.
I’m surethat I’ve learned a lot from what you just said, and I really appreciate thatyou could share your experience truthfully and sincerely. I think if Diving canexpand in the South African market, it would be beneficial for the both sides.In South Africa, the public transport system is very scarce. And the taxisbasically do not carry passengers on the road and need to be booked in advanceby telephone, and the price is not“close to the people”. if Diving cancooperate with our country, this kind of situation must can be alleviated. Butthese new economic models rely not only on the development of science andtechnology, the use of big data, but also need a large enough market, which arevery limited in our country. So we really hope that we can have somecooperation in this area.
Expert:
Helloeveryone, I am David Garipeu, head of the UNDP Sustainable Development GoalsImpact Fund. I watch this BRICS business forum online and heard the voice from allBRICS countries on the sharing economy. All the delegates shared the currentstatus of the sharing economy in their countries and cooperation, problemgovernance, innovation and development. From the discussion, we know thatsharing economy really has great potential for development in developingcountries.
The sharingeconomy triggered by mobile internet is a far-reaching change in today'ssociety. It greatly changes the way people live and work and improves theefficiency of society. Sustainable development is the recognized direction ofdevelopment in the world today, and it is also a development goal that isunanimously adopted by all UN member states.
I think allthe fields have the potential or ability to develop sharing economy. Sharingeconomy means that people can rent items or services owned by others. Manypeople believe that this economic model is most likely to occur in areas wherethe value of goods is high, but I think that regardless of the field, as longas the item or service has idle time, it can develop a sharing economy. Airbnb,Didi and Uber are typical examples of sharing economy, and this economic modelis rapidly expanding to more areas, especially in the field of professionalservices such as health, education, medical care, law, finance, and so on. Theform is no longer confined to goods and services, but to knowledge economy anddigital economy. As a practitioner of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, Ifully recognize the environmental impact of the sharing economy. The sharingeconomy can make the best use of the things, thereby reducing the production ofunnecessary resources, avoiding waste and reducing pollution.
Finally,social values and businessdevelopment complement each other. If the enterprise can put the citizens andsocial responsibilities in the first place, the social value will infiltrateinto the business model. With the expansion of enterprise scale, social valuealso increases. Thank you all!
